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La deuda externa en porcentaje del Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) es la relación entre la deuda de un país con acreedores no residentes y su PIB nominal. La deuda externa es la parte de la deuda total de un país que se tomó prestada de prestamistas extranjeros, incluidos bancos comerciales, gobiernos o instituciones financieras internacionales. Los deudores pueden ser particulares, empresas o el gobierno. La deuda externa comprende el importe pendiente de aquellos pasivos reales corrientes y no contingentes adeudados a no residentes por residentes del país, que requieren que el deudor pague el principal y/o los intereses en algún momento(s) en el futuro. La deuda externa también se denomina deuda exterior.
Este gráfico muestra Deuda exterior (% del PIB) para Oriente Medio y África del Norte, Asia del Sur, América Latina de 2010 a 2023.
Deuda exterior (% del PIB) Datos
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afganistán | 14.0 | 15.1 | 29.3 | 23.6 | 17.9 | - |
| Albania | 60.0 | 69.3 | 57.3 | 55.1 | 47.1 | 38.9 |
| Alemania | 145 | 162 | 168 | 153 | 146 | 148 |
| Angola | 75.2 | 119.0 | 92.5 | 53.3 | 63.4 | 59.6 |
| Antigua y Barbuda | 38.5 | 48.5 | 48.8 | 42.8 | - | - |
| Arabia Saudí | 9.2 | 12.2 | 10.3 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 10.3 |
| Argelia | 2.8 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.7 |
| Argentina | 62.3 | 70.3 | 54.9 | 43.6 | 43.6 | 43.4 |
| Armenia | 90.9 | 102.2 | 99.8 | 78.1 | 63.2 | 62.9 |
| Australia | 110.5 | 110.1 | 102.8 | 91.3 | 89.4 | 98.3 |
| Austria | 156.84 | 167.56 | 164.67 | 150.56 | 151.61 | 154.51 |
| Azerbaiyán | 34.4 | 38.7 | 28.7 | 19.4 | 20.1 | 24.2 |
| Bahamas, Las | 19.4 | 39.0 | 36.2 | 34.9 | 33.0 | 32.6 |
| Bangladesh | 17.8 | 19.7 | 22.0 | 21.1 | 23.3 | 23.9 |
| Belice | 58.3 | 75.2 | 60.2 | 52.0 | 49.8 | 48.3 |
| Benín | 24.5 | 28.2 | 32.7 | 34.5 | 36.4 | 61.2 |
| Bhután | 106.5 | 128.1 | 125.1 | 114.9 | 113.2 | - |
| Bielorrusia | 63.1 | 68.5 | 60.2 | 58.1 | 45.8 | 46.4 |
| Bolivia | 35.0 | 42.1 | 39.6 | 36.1 | 36.2 | 37.6 |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina. | 61.2 | 67.9 | 57.0 | 54.6 | 49.8 | - |
| Botswana | 9.4 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 12.2 |
| Brasil | 17.2 | 21.0 | 19.5 | 16.4 | 15.6 | 15.9 |
| Bulgaria | 61.6 | 62.7 | 57.7 | 50.3 | 47.6 | 47.6 |
| Burkina Faso | 23.3 | 25.4 | 28.8 | 26.1 | 27.1 | 25.0 |
| Burundi | 20.8 | 21.5 | 29.1 | 24.3 | 24.5 | 30.4 |
| Cabo Verde | 95.5 | 133.1 | 120.0 | 107.2 | 98.2 | 86.4 |
| Camboya | 41.9 | 50.5 | 54.5 | 56.2 | 53.2 | 46.7 |
| Camerún | 32.6 | 36.1 | 34.2 | 34.1 | 31.4 | 35.1 |
| CdI | 32.9 | 39.8 | 40.9 | 44.9 | 45.9 | 47.0 |
| Chad | 21.7 | 23.6 | 21.1 | 18.4 | 17.2 | 19.8 |
| Chile | 71.4 | 82.0 | 74.8 | 76.9 | 72.7 | 74.2 |
| China | 14.2 | 16.0 | 15.1 | 13.4 | 13.4 | 12.9 |
| Chipre | 1,238.19 | 1,113.25 | 1,002.35 | 868.31 | 744.74 | 674.18 |
| Cisjordania y Gaza | 10.6 | 13.2 | 10.9 | 10.4 | 10.4 | - |
| Colombia | 42.9 | 57.2 | 53.8 | 53.2 | 53.6 | 48.1 |
| Comoras | 22.6 | 24.9 | 27.1 | 28.3 | 26.7 | 23.0 |
| Congo | 60.1 | 71.7 | 61.7 | 57.9 | 56.3 | - |
| Corea | 26.9 | 31.6 | 32.5 | 37.4 | 36.7 | 35.9 |
| Costa Rica | 46.7 | 49.8 | 48.9 | 50.8 | 44.4 | 42.0 |
| Croacia | 74.1 | 87.3 | 78.0 | 74.9 | 78.6 | 63.6 |
| Cuba | 19.00 | 20.00 | 109.61 | 102.66 | 71.21 | - |
| Dinamarca | 970 | 1,033 | 932 | 878 | 918 | 981 |
| Dominica | 5.2 | 7.3 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 4.6 | - |
| Ecuador | 42.8 | 54.7 | 52.5 | 49.7 | 49.9 | 47.9 |
| Egipto | 34.2 | 32.3 | 32.6 | 32.8 | 41.8 | 39.9 |
| El Salvador | 64.6 | 74.2 | 70.0 | 66.9 | 67.2 | 68.0 |
| Eritrea | 39.3 | 37.8 | 34.9 | 30.5 | 31.9 | - |
| Eslovaquia | 112.1 | 118.4 | 132.0 | 105.6 | 98.1 | 101.4 |
| Eslovenia | 92.4 | 102.8 | 97.9 | 91.1 | 90.5 | 87.9 |
| Estados Unidos | 95.6 | 100.2 | 98.3 | 94.6 | 94.0 | 94.6 |
| Estonia | 76.4 | 85.1 | 83.3 | 83.1 | 85.7 | 94.2 |
| Etiopía | 33.5 | 32.2 | 25.8 | 20.8 | 27.1 | 35.1 |
| Fiji | 17.7 | 31.6 | 32.3 | 30.9 | 29.9 | - |
| Filipinas | 22.2 | 27.2 | 27.0 | 27.5 | 28.7 | 29.8 |
| Finlandia | 226 | 224 | 210 | 216 | 217 | 204 |
| Gabón | 40.5 | 46.9 | 39.6 | 37.4 | 35.5 | 38.1 |
| Gambia | 47.0 | 53.2 | 54.3 | 54.0 | 58.8 | 53.2 |
| Georgia | 106.3 | 125.5 | 116.8 | 95.8 | 79.4 | 70.8 |
| Ghana | 48.9 | 59.4 | 56.2 | 62.8 | 57.4 | 54.2 |
| Grecia | 247 | 322 | 295 | 274 | 257 | 232 |
| Grenada | 45.0 | 65.3 | 67.1 | 57.2 | 54.4 | - |
| Guatemala | 31.7 | 32.1 | 29.9 | 25.5 | 23.7 | 23.4 |
| Guinea | 27.1 | 30.7 | 26.9 | 24.8 | 23.2 | 26.1 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 41.4 | 51.6 | 56.8 | 58.4 | 54.3 | - |
| Guyana | 29.8 | 27.7 | 24.9 | 14.3 | 17.2 | - |
| Haití | 15.0 | 15.9 | 12.7 | 12.9 | 13.4 | 9.0 |
| Honduras | 39.2 | 47.4 | 44.5 | 40.2 | 37.4 | 36.5 |
| Hong Kong | 459 | 518 | 509 | 495 | 483 | 467 |
| Hungría | 73.0 | 80.6 | 86.3 | 92.2 | 86.1 | 85.4 |
| India | 19.7 | 21.4 | 19.5 | 18.6 | 18.4 | 18.8 |
| Indonesia | 36.0 | 39.3 | 34.7 | 29.9 | 29.7 | 30.4 |
| Irán | 1.9 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Islandia | 77.0 | 83.6 | 85.2 | 78.2 | 73.8 | 71.8 |
| Islas Marshall | 20.4 | 18.3 | 15.7 | 14.7 | 13.0 | 10.7 |
| Islas Salomón | 18.9 | 21.0 | 29.4 | 30.4 | 32.1 | - |
| Israel | 25.8 | 31.6 | 32.7 | 29.6 | 28.3 | 27.2 |
| Italia | 125 | 150 | 130 | 127 | 121 | 116 |
| Jamaica | 85.0 | 94.2 | 100.3 | 84.0 | 71.6 | 72.9 |
| Japón | 83.3 | 95.8 | 91.4 | 103.5 | 107.6 | 108.6 |
| Jordania | 75.2 | 86.9 | 90.1 | 84.5 | 87.3 | 90.1 |
| Kazajstán | 88.3 | 94.8 | 84.3 | 71.7 | 62.6 | 57.1 |
| Kenia | 34.8 | 37.8 | 37.6 | 36.3 | 40.0 | 37.8 |
| Kirguistán | 89.9 | 105.6 | 100.0 | 80.3 | 68.3 | 70.8 |
| Kosovo | 31.0 | 37.0 | 37.1 | 38.6 | 39.6 | 40.7 |
| Laos | 102.5 | 111.9 | 103.3 | 123.7 | 128.4 | 115.4 |
| Lesotho | 66.6 | 83.5 | 74.8 | 76.2 | 79.1 | 73.8 |
| Letonia | 121 | 126 | 114 | 109 | 101 | 98 |
| Líbano | 143 | 217 | 289 | 320 | 330 | 270 |
| Liberia | 7,663.4 | 9,190.9 | 8,741.4 | 7,313.8 | 8,268.8 | 47.6 |
| Lituania | 69.4 | 79.9 | 77.4 | 67.1 | 68.7 | 77.4 |
| Luxemburgo | 58.9 | 52.2 | 50.1 | 47.7 | 43.5 | 41.5 |
| Macedonia del Norte | 72.4 | 84.6 | 77.4 | 82.6 | 79.5 | 76.2 |
| Madagascar | 29.1 | 37.3 | 37.5 | 39.1 | 40.8 | 39.1 |
| Malasia | 62.6 | 67.6 | 69.8 | 63.8 | 69.3 | 69.9 |
| Malawi | 21.7 | 24.8 | 25.6 | 26.6 | 26.5 | 30.3 |
| Maldivas | 47.3 | 99.9 | 79.3 | 65.6 | 60.6 | 59.2 |
| Mali | 24.4 | 28.1 | 27.7 | 27.9 | 26.2 | 25.5 |
| Malta | 1,052 | 1,116 | 961 | 912 | 844 | 839 |
| Marruecos | 42.4 | 50.8 | 47.3 | 50.8 | 46.6 | 45.5 |
| Mauricio | 85.9 | 108.7 | 128.1 | 136.9 | 136.4 | 121.0 |
| Mauritania | 68.2 | 69.4 | 52.4 | 48.2 | 43.5 | 39.1 |
| México | 47.6 | 56.1 | 45.8 | 39.7 | 33.1 | 32.3 |
| Micronesia, Estados Federados de | 14.6 | 21.9 | 40.7 | 42.7 | 37.5 | - |
| Moldavia | 59.8 | 69.7 | 63.6 | 66.3 | 61.1 | 57.1 |
| Mongolia | 234 | 245 | 227 | 195 | 169 | 152 |
| Montenegro | 152 | 217 | 161 | 140 | 114 | - |
| Mozambique | 349 | 411 | 387 | 340 | 319 | 295 |
| Myanmar | 14.9 | 17.0 | 20.7 | 20.1 | 18.2 | 17.2 |
| Namibia | 64.5 | 76.4 | 67.9 | 71.6 | 76.7 | 68.8 |
| Nepal | 19.1 | 23.6 | 23.9 | 22.3 | 24.3 | 27.9 |
| Nicaragua | 107.2 | 108.1 | 102.6 | 95.3 | 85.2 | 78.6 |
| Níger | 29.1 | 34.2 | 34.8 | 35.3 | 33.7 | 31.7 |
| Nigeria | 17.1 | 20.2 | 21.8 | 21.6 | 21.1 | - |
| Noruega | 160 | 173 | 145 | 122 | 148 | 160 |
| Nueva Zelanda | 91.5 | 91.5 | 88.6 | 86.5 | 86.3 | 94.7 |
| Países Bajos | 483 | 471 | 440 | 396 | 371 | 349 |
| Pakistán | 33.0 | 37.6 | 35.1 | 34.7 | 37.4 | 35.3 |
| Palau | 36.7 | 60.1 | 77.6 | 72.3 | - | - |
| Panamá | 149 | 197 | 176 | 167 | 163 | 169 |
| Papúa Nueva Guinea | 75.8 | 75.9 | 75.7 | 61.9 | 49.9 | 62.1 |
| Paraguay | 46.6 | 58.7 | 55.8 | 59.3 | 60.7 | 62.5 |
| Perú | 34.2 | 42.7 | 44.4 | 40.9 | 38.6 | 36.7 |
| Polonia | 59.0 | 62.4 | 53.3 | 54.0 | 53.2 | 50.3 |
| Portugal | 192 | 204 | 190 | 165 | 146 | 145 |
| Reino Unido | 287 | 332 | 313 | 284 | 271 | 270 |
| República Centroafricana | 37.3 | 37.8 | 43.4 | 41.4 | 38.8 | 37.1 |
| República Checa | 75.4 | 80.2 | 72.3 | 68.3 | 62.4 | 62.5 |
| República Democrática del Congo | 12.6 | 14.6 | 16.6 | 14.8 | 16.5 | 18.3 |
| República Dominicana | 39.4 | 51.6 | 46.1 | 42.4 | 43.2 | 42.0 |
| Ruanda | 63.0 | 80.7 | 84.1 | 72.7 | 79.3 | 87.4 |
| Rumanía | 51.2 | 60.0 | 59.1 | 54.7 | 56.9 | 57.5 |
| Rusia | 29.0 | 31.4 | 26.7 | 17.2 | 15.4 | 13.4 |
| Samoa | 48.7 | 54.8 | 58.5 | 54.0 | 41.4 | - |
| San Vicente y las Granadinas | 37.0 | 45.8 | 56.9 | 56.0 | 57.6 | - |
| Santa Lucía | 30.5 | 48.6 | 47.8 | 39.0 | 45.3 | - |
| Santo Tomé y Príncipe | 66.6 | 66.7 | 62.8 | 77.5 | 65.4 | - |
| Senegal | 82.3 | 97.5 | 105.4 | 116.1 | 130.1 | 137.8 |
| Serbia | 58.4 | 62.4 | 64.8 | 65.5 | 58.7 | 59.2 |
| Sierra Leona | 29.6 | 32.8 | 35.4 | 34.0 | 37.3 | 31.9 |
| Singapur | 426 | 490 | 436 | 378 | 409 | 407 |
| Somalia | 62.1 | 53.2 | 43.7 | 40.1 | 28.6 | 28.9 |
| Sri Lanka | 63.0 | 67.4 | 66.2 | 79.4 | 73.8 | 61.6 |
| Suazilandia | 18.1 | 23.2 | 24.7 | 26.3 | 27.0 | - |
| Sudáfrica | 47.6 | 50.4 | 38.2 | 40.3 | 41.5 | 42.0 |
| Sudán | 117.9 | 56.3 | 156.9 | 108.4 | 68.7 | 112.0 |
| Suecia | 178 | 177 | 171 | 177 | 171 | 169 |
| Suiza | 267 | 282 | 284 | 263 | 230 | 234 |
| Surinam | 88.4 | 86.4 | 114.3 | 102.4 | 117.0 | 98.3 |
| Tailandia | 31.8 | 38.0 | 38.9 | 40.6 | 38.1 | 37.1 |
| Taiwán | 30.1 | 27.9 | 27.4 | 26.4 | 27.3 | 27.6 |
| Tanzania | 41.4 | 40.7 | 42.3 | 41.3 | 44.9 | 44.9 |
| Tayikistán | 79.9 | 84.9 | 73.7 | 62.7 | 56.1 | 49.2 |
| Timor-Leste | 10.0 | 10.7 | 7.7 | 9.0 | 14.8 | - |
| Togo | 28.6 | 34.3 | 42.0 | 39.8 | 37.1 | 36.2 |
| Tonga | 39.2 | 39.9 | 42.6 | 41.4 | 38.7 | - |
| Trinidad y Tobago | 21.6 | 26.5 | 24.2 | 24.8 | 38.4 | 43.3 |
| Túnez | 95.8 | 98.6 | 91.5 | 91.3 | 85.6 | 81.5 |
| Turkmenistán | 14.5 | 11.9 | 9.7 | 8.5 | 6.8 | 9.0 |
| Turquía | 52.9 | 57.8 | 51.3 | 48.7 | 43.2 | 38.1 |
| Ucrania | 79.2 | 80.5 | 65.1 | 81.6 | 90.7 | 94.8 |
| Uganda | 37.1 | 45.4 | 46.7 | 43.1 | 37.3 | 35.5 |
| Uruguay | 72.8 | 89.3 | 83.9 | 78.2 | 64.7 | 55.8 |
| Uzbekistán | 32.7 | 48.1 | 50.1 | 52.0 | 55.1 | 50.3 |
| Vanuatu | 45.2 | 48.3 | 50.2 | 44.3 | 45.3 | 55.2 |
| Venezuela | 124.3 | 178.9 | 172.5 | 117.7 | 110.2 | 132.1 |
| Vietnam | 36.9 | 37.4 | 37.8 | 35.7 | 32.8 | 31.3 |
| Yemen | 32.2 | 35.2 | 39.2 | 31.2 | 39.5 | 39.2 |
| Yibuti | 82.8 | 92.4 | 94.7 | 89.1 | 87.7 | - |
| Zambia | 126.9 | 163.1 | 122.0 | 97.2 | 105.3 | 107.5 |
| Zimbabue | 30.8 | 31.9 | 26.4 | 28.5 | 32.0 | 40.8 |