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La tasa de desempleo se define como el porcentaje de trabajadores desempleados sobre el total de la población activa. Se considera que un trabajador está desempleado si actualmente no trabaja, a pesar de que puede y quiere hacerlo. La población activa total está formada por todas las personas empleadas y desempleadas de una economía.
La tasa de desempleo proporciona información sobre la capacidad sobrante y los recursos no utilizados de la economía. El desempleo tiende a ser cíclico y disminuye cuando la economía se expande, ya que las empresas contratan a más trabajadores para satisfacer la creciente demanda. El desempleo suele aumentar cuando la actividad económica se ralentiza.
Existen diferentes tipos de desempleo: El desempleo friccional se refiere al desempleo temporal durante el periodo en el que las personas buscan trabajo. El desempleo estructural es un desajuste entre las cualificaciones o la ubicación de los trabajadores y las necesidades de empleo. El desempleo estacional está causado por los patrones estacionales de la actividad económica, como la cosecha o el turismo.
La metodología para calcular la tasa de desempleo suele variar de un país a otro, ya que se utilizan distintas definiciones de empleo y desempleo, así como distintas fuentes de datos.
This chart displays Desempleo (% de la población activa, aop) for Oriente Medio y África del Norte, América Latina, Zona euro, Asia del Sur, Principales economías from 2010 to 2022.
Tasa de desempleo Datos
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 11.6 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 11.0 | 9.5 | 8.5 |
| Alemania | 5.0 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 6.0 |
| Angola | 16.5 | 16.7 | 15.8 | 14.6 | 14.5 | 14.5 |
| Arabia Saudí | 5.6 | 7.7 | 6.1 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 3.5 |
| Argelia | 12.3 | 14.1 | 13.6 | 12.3 | 11.7 | 11.4 |
| Argentina | 9.8 | 11.5 | 8.8 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 7.1 |
| Armenia | 18.3 | 18.0 | 15.4 | 13.0 | 12.6 | 13.9 |
| Australia | 5.2 | 6.5 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 4.0 |
| Austria | 4.8 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.2 |
| Azerbaiyán | 4.9 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.4 |
| Bahrein | 4.7 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 5.4 | 6.3 | - |
| Bangladesh | 4.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.7 |
| Bélgica | 5.4 | 5.6 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.7 |
| Belice | 9.0 | 13.8 | 10.3 | 6.1 | 3.3 | 2.6 |
| Bielorrusia | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.0 |
| Bolivia | 5.0 | 8.3 | 6.9 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5.3 |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina. | 15.7 | 15.9 | 17.4 | 15.4 | 13.2 | 12.6 |
| Botswana | 20.1 | 21.0 | 23.1 | 23.6 | 23.4 | 23.1 |
| Brasil | 12.0 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 9.5 | 8.0 | 6.9 |
| Brunei | 6.6 | 7.4 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.3 | - |
| Bulgaria | 5.2 | 6.1 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.2 |
| Camboya | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Camerún | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 |
| Canadá | 5.7 | 9.7 | 7.5 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 6.4 |
| CdI | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Chile | 7.2 | 10.6 | 9.1 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 8.5 |
| China | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.1 |
| Chipre | 7.2 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 4.9 |
| Colombia | 10.9 | 16.7 | 13.8 | 11.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 |
| Corea | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.8 |
| Costa Rica | 11.8 | 19.6 | 16.4 | 12.2 | 8.9 | 7.5 |
| Croacia | 6.6 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 5.1 |
| Cuba | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.5 |
| Dinamarca | 3.7 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.9 |
| EAU | 2.3 | 4.3 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 2.1 |
| Ecuador | 4.4 | 6.1 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 3.7 |
| Egipto | 7.9 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 6.6 |
| El Salvador | 6.3 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.1 |
| Eslovaquia | 5.7 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.3 |
| Eslovenia | 4.4 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.7 |
| España | 14.1 | 15.5 | 14.9 | 13.0 | 12.2 | 11.3 |
| Estados Unidos | 3.7 | 8.1 | 5.4 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 4.0 |
| Estonia | 4.5 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 7.6 |
| Etiopía | 2.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 |
| Filipinas | 5.1 | 10.4 | 7.8 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 3.8 |
| Finlandia | 6.7 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 8.4 |
| Francia | 8.4 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.4 |
| Georgia | 17.6 | 18.5 | 20.6 | 17.3 | 16.4 | 13.9 |
| Ghana | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 |
| Grecia | 17.9 | 17.6 | 14.8 | 12.4 | 11.1 | 10.1 |
| Guatemala | 2.2 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 2.2 |
| Haití | 14.1 | 15.5 | 15.3 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 15.1 |
| Honduras | 5.7 | 11.0 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 6.1 | 6.1 |
| Hong Kong | 2.9 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Hungría | 3.3 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.5 |
| Indonesia | 5.1 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 4.9 |
| Irán | 10.7 | 9.6 | 9.2 | 9.0 | 8.1 | 7.6 |
| Iraq | 14.1 | 15.8 | 16.2 | 15.5 | 15.4 | 15.5 |
| Irlanda | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.3 |
| Islandia | 3.9 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.4 |
| Israel | 3.8 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.0 |
| Italia | 9.9 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 8.1 | 7.7 | 6.6 |
| Jamaica | 7.7 | 10.2 | 8.4 | 6.3 | 4.4 | 4.2 |
| Japón | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 |
| Jordania | 19.1 | 22.7 | 24.1 | 22.9 | 22.0 | 21.4 |
| Kazajstán | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
| Kenia | 5.0 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.3 |
| Kirguistán | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.1 |
| Kosovo | 26.7 | 22.7 | 22.5 | 12.3 | 10.9 | 10.8 |
| Kuwait | 2.3 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
| Laos | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| Letonia | 6.3 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 6.9 |
| Líbano | 11.3 | 13.3 | 12.7 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 12.9 |
| Lituania | 6.3 | 8.5 | 7.1 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 7.1 |
| Luxemburgo | 5.4 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 5.8 |
| Macedonia del Norte | 17.2 | 16.2 | 15.4 | 14.4 | 13.1 | 12.4 |
| Malasia | 3.3 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.3 |
| Malta | 4.1 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.1 |
| Marruecos | 9.2 | 11.9 | 12.4 | 11.9 | 13.0 | 13.4 |
| México | 3.5 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
| Moldavia | 5.1 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 4.6 | 4.0 |
| Mongolia | 9.9 | 6.7 | 8.3 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 5.0 |
| Montenegro | 15.4 | 18.3 | 16.8 | 15.0 | 13.4 | 11.5 |
| Mozambique | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.8 |
| Myanmar | 5.1 | 11.5 | 2.2 | - | - | - |
| Nicaragua | 5.6 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.1 |
| Nigeria | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 3.0 |
| Noruega | 3.7 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 4.0 |
| Nueva Zelanda | 4.1 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 4.8 |
| Omán | 2.0 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
| Países Bajos | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 |
| Pakistán | 6.9 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 6.3 | - | 7.1 |
| Panamá | 6.3 | 14.7 | 10.2 | 8.1 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
| Paraguay | 6.6 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 5.8 |
| Perú | 6.6 | 12.8 | 11.3 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 6.6 |
| Polonia | 5.4 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.1 |
| Portugal | 6.7 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 6.5 |
| Puerto Rico | 8.3 | 8.9 | 7.9 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.6 |
| Qatar | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Reino Unido | 3.8 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.3 |
| República Checa | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
| República Democrática del Congo | 4.6 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 |
| República Dominicana | 6.2 | 5.8 | 7.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.1 |
| Ruanda | 11.2 | 11.8 | 15.8 | 15.1 | 12.4 | 12.0 |
| Rumanía | 4.9 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 |
| Rusia | 4.6 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 2.5 |
| Senegal | 2.9 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.0 |
| Serbia | 11.3 | 9.7 | 11.1 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 8.6 |
| Singapur | 2.3 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
| Sri Lanka | 4.8 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.4 |
| Sudáfrica | 28.7 | 29.2 | 34.3 | 33.5 | 32.4 | 32.6 |
| Sudán | 11.7 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 7.5 | 35.1 | 41.5 |
| Suecia | 6.9 | 8.5 | 8.9 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 8.4 |
| Suiza | 2.3 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.4 |
| Tailandia | 1.0 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Taiwán | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.4 |
| Tanzania | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Tayikistán | 11.4 | 12.3 | 12.3 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 11.6 |
| Trinidad y Tobago | 4.3 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 5.0 |
| Túnez | 15.2 | 16.7 | 17.6 | 15.5 | 16.0 | 16.1 |
| Turkmenistán | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.3 |
| Turquía | 13.7 | 13.1 | 12.0 | 10.5 | 9.4 | 8.7 |
| Ucrania | 8.5 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 21.1 | 18.4 | 15.1 |
| Uganda | 3.1 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 |
| Uruguay | 10.4 | 10.4 | 9.3 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 8.2 |
| Uzbekistán | 9.0 | 10.5 | 9.6 | 8.9 | 6.8 | 6.0 |
| Venezuela | 27.0 | 42.7 | 38.4 | 35.5 | 33.1 | 31.5 |
| Vietnam | 2.2 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 |
| Yemen | 17.2 | 18.0 | 18.3 | 17.4 | 17.1 | 17.1 |
| Zambia | 5.5 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 6.0 |
| Zimbabue | 7.4 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 10.1 | 8.8 | 8.6 |
| Zona euro | 7.6 | 8.0 | 7.8 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.4 |